12.Hive经典练习题

Leefs 2021-12-06 PM 1524℃ 0条

[TOC]

### 前言

对于Hive的基础查询操作，因为和其它SQL语句都大同小异，将不在进行详细介绍，小编在网上找了一些Hive查询的练习题，大家可以通过这些练习来更加熟练的掌握Hive的基础查询操作。

原文地址：[hive 50道经典练习](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35831052/article/details/96424832)

本篇将通过**beeline 客户端**来运行Hive命令，如果没安装的可参考如下文章：[06.使用JDBC方式访问Hive](https://lilinchao.com/archives/1702.html)

### 一、数据准备

+ **学生表（student）**

| 学号（sid） | 学生姓名(sname) | 学生生日(sbirth) | 学生性别（ssex） |
| ----------- | --------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- |
| 01          | 赵雷            | 1990-01-01       | 男               |
| 02          | 钱电            | 1990-12-21       | 男               |
| 03          | 孙风            | 1990-05-20       | 男               |
| 04          | 李云            | 1990-08-06       | 男               |
| 05          | 周梅            | 1991-12-01       | 女               |
| 06          | 吴兰            | 1992-03-01       | 女               |
| 07          | 郑竹            | 1989-07-01       | 女               |
| 08          | 王菊            | 1990-01-20       | 女               |

+ **课程表（course）**

| 课程编号（cid） | 课程名称（cname） | 教师编号（tid） |
| --------------- | ----------------- | --------------- |
| 01              | 语文              | 02              |
| 02              | 数学              | 01              |
| 03              | 英语              | 03              |

+ **教师表（teacher）**

| tid（教师编号） | tname（教师姓名） |
| --------------- | ----------------- |
| 01              | 张三              |
| 02              | 李四              |
| 03              | 王五              |

+ **成绩表（sc）**

| 学号（sid） | 课程编号（cid） | 成绩（score） |
| ----------- | --------------- | ------------- |
| 01          | 01              | 80            |
| 01          | 02              | 90            |
| 01          | 03              | 99            |
| 02          | 01              | 70            |
| 02          | 02              | 60            |
| 02          | 03              | 80            |
| 03          | 01              | 80            |
| 03          | 02              | 80            |
| 03          | 03              | 80            |
| 04          | 01              | 50            |
| 04          | 02              | 30            |
| 04          | 03              | 20            |
| 05          | 01              | 76            |
| 05          | 02              | 87            |
| 06          | 01              | 31            |
| 06          | 03              | 34            |
| 07          | 02              | 89            |
| 07          | 03              | 98            |

+ 建表语句

```sql
-- student.txt
01  赵雷	1990-01-01  男
02  钱电	1990-12-21	男
03	孙风	1990-05-20	男
04	李云	1990-08-06	男
05	周梅	1991-12-01	女
06	吴兰	1992-03-01	女
07	郑竹	1989-07-01	女
08	王菊	1990-01-20	女

-- course.txt
01	语文	02
02	数学	01
03	英语	03

-- teacher.txt
01	张三
02	李四
03	王五

-- sc.txt
01  01	80
01	02	90
01	03	99
02	01	70
02	02	60
02	03	80
03	01	80
03	02	80
03	03	80
04	01	50
04	02	30
04	03	20
05	01	76
05	02	87
06	01	31
06	03	34
07	02	89
07	03	98

-- 建表语句
-- 学生表
create table student(`sid` int,sname string,sbirth date,ssex char(2))
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

-- 导入
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/datas/student.txt' into table student;

-- 课程表
create table course(cid int,cname string,tid int)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

-- 导入
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/datas/course.txt' into table course;

-- 教师表
create table teacher(tid int,tname string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

-- 导入
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/datas/teacher.txt' into table teacher;

-- 成绩表
create table sc(`sid` int,cid int,score int)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

-- 导入
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/datas/sc.txt' into table sc;
```

### 二、题目

#### 普通聚合函数练习

> 2.1 查询01课程比02课程成绩高的所有学生的学号

```sql
select sc1.sid,sc1.score score1,sc2.score score2
from sc sc1
join sc sc2 on sc1.sid=sc2.sid
where sc1.cid = 1 and sc2.cid = 2 and sc1.score>sc2.score;

-- 运行结果
+----------+---------+---------+
| sc1.sid  | score1  | score2  |
+----------+---------+---------+
| 2        | 70      | 60      |
| 4        | 50      | 30      |
+----------+---------+---------+
```

> 2.2 查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩

```sql
select sid,avg(score) avgscore
from sc
group by sid
having  avgscore>60;

-- 运行结果
+------+--------------------+
| sid  |      avgscore      |
+------+--------------------+
| 1    | 89.66666666666667  |
| 2    | 70.0               |
| 3    | 80.0               |
| 5    | 81.5               |
| 7    | 93.5               |
+------+--------------------+
```

**having 与 where 不同点**

（1）where后面不能写分组函数，而having后面可以使用分组函数。

（2）having 只用于group by分组统计语句。

> 2.3 查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩

```sql
select stu.sid,stu.sname,
count(sc.cid) countcourse,
case when sum(sc.score) is null then 0 else sum(sc.score) end sumscore
from student stu
left join sc
on sc.sid=stu.sid
group by stu.sid,stu.sname;

-- 查询结果
+----------+------------+--------------+-----------+
| stu.sid  | stu.sname  | countcourse  | sumscore  |
+----------+------------+--------------+-----------+
| 1        | 赵雷         | 3            | 269       |
| 2        | 钱电         | 3            | 210       |
| 3        | 孙风         | 3            | 240       |
| 4        | 李云         | 3            | 100       |
| 5        | 周梅         | 2            | 163       |
| 6        | 吴兰         | 2            | 65        |
| 7        | 郑竹         | 2            | 187       |
| 8        | 王菊         | 0            | 0         |
+----------+------------+--------------+-----------+
```

> 2. 4 查询姓'李'的老师的个数

```sql
select count(*) from teacher where tname like '李%';

-- 查询结果
+------+
| _c0  |
+------+
| 1    |
+------+
```

> 2.5 查询没有学过“张三”老师课程的同学的学号、姓名

```sql
select stu.sid,sname
from student stu
join course cs
join teacher t
left join sc on  stu.sid=sc.sid and cs.cid=sc.cid and t.tid=cs.tid
where tname='张三'
group by stu.sid,sname
having sum(case when sc.sid is null then 0 else 1 end) =0;

-- 运行结果
+----------+--------+
| stu.sid  | sname  |
+----------+--------+
| 6        | 吴兰     |
| 8        | 王菊     |
+----------+--------+
```

> 2.6 查询学过“张三”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名

-- 查询结果
+----------+--------+
| stu.sid  | sname  |
+----------+--------+
| 1        | 赵雷     |
| 2        | 钱电     |
| 3        | 孙风     |
| 4        | 李云     |
| 5        | 周梅     |
| 7        | 郑竹     |
+----------+--------+
```

> 2.7 查询学过01并且也学过编号02课程的同学的学号、姓名

```sql
select stu.sid,stu.sname
from student stu
join sc sc1 on sc1.sid=stu.sid
join sc sc2 on sc2.sid=sc1.sid
where sc1.cid=01 and sc2.cid=02;

-- 查询结果
+----------+------------+
| stu.sid  | stu.sname  |
+----------+------------+
| 1        | 赵雷         |
| 2        | 钱电         |
| 3        | 孙风         |
| 4        | 李云         |
| 5        | 周梅         |
+----------+-----------
```

> 2.8 查询课程编号02的成绩比课程编号01课程成绩低的所有同学的学号、姓名

```sql
select t1.sid,sname
from (select sid,score score02
from SC 
where cid=02)t1 join (select sid,score score01
from SC 
where cid=01)t2 on t1.sid=t2.sid join Student on Student.sid = t1.sid
where t1.score02<t2.score01;

-- 查询结果
+---------+--------+
| t1.sid  | sname  |
+---------+--------+
| 2       | 钱电     |
| 4       | 李云     |
+---------+--------+
```

> 2.9 查询所有课程成绩小于60的同学的学号、姓名

```sql
select stu.sid,stu.sname
from student stu
left join sc 
on sc.sid=stu.sid and sc.score>=60
group by stu.sid,stu.sname
having sum(case when sc.sid is null then 0 else 1 end)=0;

-- 查询结果
+----------+------------+
| stu.sid  | stu.sname  |
+----------+------------+
| 4        | 李云         |
| 6        | 吴兰         |
| 8        | 王菊         |
+----------+------------+
```

> 2.10 查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名

```sql
select stu.sid,stu.sname
from student stu
left join course cs
left join sc on sc.sid=stu.sid and cs.cid=sc.cid
group by stu.sid,stu.sname
having sum(case when sc.cid is null then 1 else 0 end)>0;

-- 查询结果
+----------+------------+
| stu.sid  | stu.sname  |
+----------+------------+
| 5        | 周梅         |
| 6        | 吴兰         |
| 7        | 郑竹         |
| 8        | 王菊         |
+----------+------------+
```

> 2.11 查询至少有一门课与学号为01同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名

```sql
select distinct st.sid,st.sname 
from student st
join sc sc1 
on st.sid=sc1.sid
join sc sc2 
on sc1.cid=sc2.cid
where sc2.sid=1;

-- 查询结果
+---------+-----------+
| st.sid  | st.sname  |
+---------+-----------+
| 1       | 赵雷        |
| 2       | 钱电        |
| 3       | 孙风        |
| 4       | 李云        |
| 5       | 周梅        |
| 6       | 吴兰        |
| 7       | 郑竹        |
+---------+-----------+
```

> 2.12 查询张三老师教的课的平均成绩

```sql
select avg(score) avgscore 
from sc 
join course co
on sc.cid=co.cid
join teacher t
on t.tid=co.tid
where tname='张三';

-- 查询结果
+--------------------+
|      avgscore      |
+--------------------+
| 72.66666666666667  |
+--------------------+
```

> 2.13 查询学习“张三”老师课的成绩表记录

```sql
select sc.* 
from sc 
join course c 
on sc.cid=c.cid
join teacher t
on c.tid=t.tid
where t.tname='张三';

-- 查询结果
+---------+---------+-----------+
| sc.sid  | sc.cid  | sc.score  |
+---------+---------+-----------+
| 1       | 2       | 90        |
| 2       | 2       | 60        |
| 3       | 2       | 80        |
| 4       | 2       | 30        |
| 5       | 2       | 87        |
| 7       | 2       | 89        |
+---------+---------+-----------+
```

> 2.14 查询没有上过编号03课程的同学学号的02号课的成绩

```sql
select sc.* 
from  sc  
left join
(select * from sc where sc.cid = '3')  sc2
on sc.sid =sc2.sid 
where sc2.cid is null and sc.cid=2;

-- 查询结果
+---------+---------+-----------+
| sc.sid  | sc.cid  | sc.score  |
+---------+---------+-----------+
| 5       | 2       | 87        |
+---------+---------+-----------+
```

> 2.15 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“语文”、“数学”、“英语”三门的课程成绩

```sql
select sc.sid,
max(case course.cname when '语文' then sc.score else 0 end) yuwen,
max(case course.cname when '数学' then sc.score else 0 end) shuxue,
max(case course.cname when '英语' then sc.score else 0 end) yingyu,
count(sc.cid) kechengshu,
avg(sc.score) pingjunfen
from sc join course
on sc.cid=course.cid
group by sc.sid
order by pingjunfen;

-- 查询结果
+---------+--------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------------+
| sc.sid  | yuwen  | shuxue  | yingyu  | kechengshu  |     pingjunfen      |
+---------+--------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------------+
| 6       | 31     | 0       | 34      | 2           | 32.5                |
| 4       | 50     | 30      | 20      | 3           | 33.333333333333336  |
| 2       | 70     | 60      | 80      | 3           | 70.0                |
| 3       | 80     | 80      | 80      | 3           | 80.0                |
| 5       | 76     | 87      | 0       | 2           | 81.5                |
| 1       | 80     | 90      | 99      | 3           | 89.66666666666667   |
| 7       | 0      | 89      | 98      | 2           | 93.5                |
+---------+--------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------------+
```

> 2.16 查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下的形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分

```sql
select
cid,
max(score) maxscore,
min(case when score is null then 0 else score end) minscore
from sc
group by cid;

-- 查询结果
+------+-----------+-----------+
| cid  | maxscore  | minscore  |
+------+-----------+-----------+
| 1    | 80        | 31        |
| 2    | 90        | 30        |
| 3    | 99        | 20        |
+------+-----------+-----------+
```

> 2.17 按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序

```sql
select 
avg(score) avgscore,
concat(cast(sum(case when score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid) as string),'%') jigelv
from sc
group by cid
order by avgscore asc,jigelv desc;

-- 查询结果
+--------------------+----------------------+
|      avgscore      |        jigelv        |
+--------------------+----------------------+
| 64.5               | 0.6666666666666666%  |
| 68.5               | 0.6666666666666666%  |
| 72.66666666666667  | 0.8333333333333334%  |
+--------------------+----------------------+
```

> 2.18 查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用”1行”显示): 语文（01），数学（02），英语（03）

```sql
select 
max(case t1.cid when 1 then concat(t1.avgscore,':',jigelv) else 0 end) as yuwen,
max(case t1.cid when 2 then concat(t1.avgscore,':',jigelv) else 0 end) as shuxue,
max(case t1.cid when 3 then concat(t1.avgscore,':',jigelv) else 0 end) as yingyu
from
(select sc.cid,avg(score) avgscore,
concat(cast(sum(case when score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)*100/count(sc.sid) as string),'%') jigelv
from sc
join course cs
on sc.cid=cs.cid
group by sc.cid,cs.cname having cs.cname='语文' or cs.cname='数学' or cs.cname='英语') t1;

-- 查询结果
 yuwen           |                shuxue                 |          yingyu
 64.5:66.66666666666667%  | 72.66666666666667:83.33333333333333%  | 68.5:66.66666666666667%
```

> 2.19 查询如下课程成绩第3名到第6名的学生成绩单：语文(01)，数学(02)，英语(03)

```sql
select a.*
from 
(
select sc.*,
rank() over(distribute by sc.cid sort by sc.score desc) rk
from sc) a
where a.rk between 3 and 6;

-- 查询结果
+--------+--------+----------+-------+
| a.sid  | a.cid  | a.score  | a.rk  |
+--------+--------+----------+-------+
| 5      | 1      | 76       | 3     |
| 2      | 1      | 70       | 4     |
| 4      | 1      | 50       | 5     |
| 6      | 1      | 31       | 6     |
| 5      | 2      | 87       | 3     |
| 3      | 2      | 80       | 4     |
| 2      | 2      | 60       | 5     |
| 4      | 2      | 30       | 6     |
| 2      | 3      | 80       | 3     |
| 3      | 3      | 80       | 3     |
| 6      | 3      | 34       | 5     |
| 4      | 3      | 20       | 6     |
+--------+--------+----------+-------+
```

> 2.20 统计下列各科成绩，各分数段人数：课程ID，课程名称，[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ 小于60]

```sql
select a.cid,a.cname,a.px,
count(a.px)
from
(
select cs.cid,cs.cname,
(case when score<60 then '[小于60]' 
when score<70 then '[70-60]'
when score<85 then '[85-70]'
else '[100-85]' end) as px
from sc
join course cs
on sc.cid=cs.cid
) a
group by a.cid,a.cname,a.px;

-- 查询结果
+--------+----------+-----------+------+
| a.cid  | a.cname  |   a.px    | _c3  |
+--------+----------+-----------+------+
| 1      | 语文       | [85-70]   | 4    |
| 1      | 语文       | [小于60]    | 2    |
| 2      | 数学       | [100-85]  | 3    |
| 2      | 数学       | [70-60]   | 1    |
| 2      | 数学       | [85-70]   | 1    |
| 2      | 数学       | [小于60]    | 1    |
| 3      | 英语       | [100-85]  | 2    |
| 3      | 英语       | [85-70]   | 2    |
| 3      | 英语       | [小于60]    | 2    |
+--------+----------+-----------+------+
```

#### 开窗函数练习

> 2.21 查询学生平均成绩及其名次

```sql
select a.*,
rank() over(distribute by 1 sort by a.avgscore) rk
from
(
select sc.sid,
avg(sc.score) avgscore
from sc
group by sc.sid
) a;

-- 查询结果
+--------+---------------------+-----+
| a.sid  |     a.avgscore      | rk  |
+--------+---------------------+-----+
| 6      | 32.5                | 1   |
| 4      | 33.333333333333336  | 2   |
| 2      | 70.0                | 3   |
| 3      | 80.0                | 4   |
| 5      | 81.5                | 5   |
| 1      | 89.66666666666667   | 6   |
| 7      | 93.5                | 7   |
+--------+---------------------+-----+
```

> 2.22 查询各科成绩前三名的记录（不考虑成绩并列情况）

```sql
select a.*,cs.cname
from
(
select sc.*,
row_number() over(distribute by sc.cid sort by sc.score desc) rk
from sc
) a
join course cs
on cs.cid=a.cid
where a.rk<4;

-- 查询结果
+--------+--------+----------+-------+-----------+
| a.sid  | a.cid  | a.score  | a.rk  | cs.cname  |
+--------+--------+----------+-------+-----------+
| 3      | 1      | 80       | 1     | 语文        |
| 1      | 1      | 80       | 2     | 语文        |
| 5      | 1      | 76       | 3     | 语文        |
| 1      | 2      | 90       | 1     | 数学        |
| 7      | 2      | 89       | 2     | 数学        |
| 5      | 2      | 87       | 3     | 数学        |
| 1      | 3      | 99       | 1     | 英语        |
| 7      | 3      | 98       | 2     | 英语        |
| 2      | 3      | 80       | 3     | 英语        |
+--------+--------+----------+-------+-----------+
```

> 2.23 查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名

```sql
select sid,cid,score
from
(
select sc.*,
rank() over(distribute by cid sort by score) rk
from sc
) aa
where aa.rk<3;

-- 查询结果
+------+------+--------+
| sid  | cid  | score  |
+------+------+--------+
| 6    | 1    | 31     |
| 4    | 1    | 50     |
| 4    | 2    | 30     |
| 2    | 2    | 60     |
| 4    | 3    | 20     |
| 6    | 3    | 34     |
+------+------+--------+
```

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